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Yogi Vemana | |
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Born | c. [Rayalaseema] |
Died | c. 1430 Katarlapalli |
Occupation | Achala Yogi, Poet, Social Reformer |
Kumaragiri Vemareddy popularly known asVemana (Telugu: వేమన) was a 14th century Telugu poet.His poems were written in the popular vernacular of Telugu, and areknown for their use of simple language and native idioms. His poemsdiscuss the subjects of Yoga,wisdom and morality. He is popularly called Yogi Vemana, inrecognition of his success in the path of Yoga.
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Earlylife and background
There is no consensus among scholars about the period in whichVemana lived. C.P. Brown,known for his research on Vemana, estimates the year of birth to bethe year 1352 based on some of his verses.
Vemana was the third and youngest son of Kumaragiri Vemareddy,the then king of Kondaveedu in present-day Andhra Pradesh.He was named Vemareddy after his father.
Teachings
Yoga
Vemana came into contact with Lambika siva yogi in Kondaveedu,who initiated him into the path of Yoga. After this, Vemanatravelled across the state, composing poetry and attaining successin yoga.
Poetry andFame
Vemana composed numerous poems in the vernacular of Telugu. Hispoems are four lines in length. The fourth line is, in majority ofthe cases, the chorus Viswadabhirama Vinura Vema - he thusconveyed his message with three small lines written in a simplevernacular. He traveled widely across south India, acquiringpopularity as a poet and Yogi. People really took to Vemana's poemsowing to their simple language and sweet message. So high was theregard for Vemana that a popular Telugu saying goes 'Vemana's word is theword of the Vedas'. He iscelebrated for his style of Chaatu padyam, a poem with ahidden meaning.
C.P. Brown translated most of Vemana'spoems into English, during the British occupation of India. A largeselection of his poems are a part of the present High Schoolcurriculum of Telugu in Andhra Pradesh. In his honor, The Andhra Pradeshgovernment named a University in Kadapa the Yogi Vemana University in 2006.Vemana was believed to have lived for some time in the Gandikotaarea of Kadapa.
Death
There is a headstone marking the grave of Vemana in katarupalli, a village in Anantapur. It is believedwidely that Vemana died in this village. Being a Yogi, he wasburied and not cremated.
PoeticStyle
Many lines of Vemana's poems are now colloquial phrases of theTelugu language. They end with the signature line ViswadhaabhiRaama, Vinura Vema, literally Beloved of Vishwadha, listenVema. There are many interpretations of what the last linesignifies.
Vemana's poems were collected and published by C.P.Brown in the 19th century.[1]His poems are of many kinds, social, moral, satirical and mysticnature. Most of them are in Ataveladi (dancing lady) meter.
Samplepoetry
- Uppu Kappurambu nokka polika nundu
- Chooda chooda ruchulu jaada veru
- Purushulandu Punya purushulu veraya
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- Salt and camphor look similar,
- but closer observation shows their taste is different
- Among men, virtuous people stand apart
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Gangi govu paalu garitadainanu chaalu
- Kadivedainanemi kharamu paalu
- Bhakti kalugu koodu pattedainanu chaalu
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- A ladleful of a Sacredcow's milk is enough
- Of what worth is even a potful of donkey's milk
- Even a little food given with respect is sumptuous
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Atmasuddhi leni acharamadi ela
- Bhandasuddhi leni pakamadi ela
- Chittasuddi leni sivpujalelara
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- What is the purpose of custom sans inner purity?
- What is the purpose of cooking sans cleanliness ofvessels?
- What is the purpose of worship of Shiva sans purity ofmind?
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Alpudeppudu palku adamburamu ganu
- Sajjanundu palku challaganu
- Kanchu moginatlu kanakammu mroguna
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- A mean(low) person always speaks pompously
- A good person speaks softly
- Does gold reverberate the waybrass does?
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Anagananaga raga matisayilluchunundu
- thinaga thinaga vemu tiyyanundu
- sadhanamuna panulu samakuru dharalona
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- As you sing (again and again), the melody (raga) excels
- As you eat Neem (again and again) , it becomes sweeter
- With practice, things become perfect
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Anuvu gani chota Nadhikulamanaradu
- Kochmayina nadiyu kodava gadu
- konda addamandu knochami undada
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- When it is not our place or time, we cannot win
- You have not become small because of this
- Don't you know the hill looks small in a mirror
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Apadiana velanarasi bandhula judu
- bhayamuvela judu bantu tanamu
- Pedavela judu pendlamu gunamu
- Viswadhaabhuraama, Vinura Vema
- In times of distress, observe the attitude of relatives
- In times of fear, observe the behaviour of the army
- In times of poverty, observe the nature of the wife
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Chippalonabadda chinuku mutyambayye
- nitabadda chinuku nita galise
- Brapti galugu chota phalamela tappura
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- The rain drop that fell in the shell became a pearl
- The one that fell in water merged with water
- If something is yours, you are sure to get it.
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Veshabhashalerigi Kashayavastramul
- gattagane mukti galugabodhu
- talalu bodulina talapulu bodula
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinrua Vema
- Knowing external behaviour and language, wearing saffron(renunciate) clothes
- That does not lead to mukti(liberation)
- Shaving of head (of a renunciate, widow etc) does not shave(unwanted) thoughts
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Cheppulona rayi chevilona joriga
- kantilona nalusu kali mullu
- intilona poru intinta gadaya
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- A stone in shoe, a fly near ear
- Pollen in eye, a thorn in foot
- A quarrel in the house, are unbearable(painful)
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
- Tappulennuvaru Tandopatandambu
- Lurvi janulakella nundu tappu
- Tappu lennuvaru tamatappu lerugaru
- Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- There are many that find faults (with others)
- Every one in the world has faults
- The people who count faults do not know their own faults
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen![1]
- Inumu virigeneni irumaaru mummaaru
- kaachi yatakavachu kramamu gaanu
- manasu virigeneni mari chercharaadaya
- Viswadaabhiraama, Vinura Vema
- Iron, if broken, can be joined together, twice or thrice
- but heart once broken can never be put together again
- Medi pandu chooda melimaiyundu
- Potta vippi chooda purugulundu
- Pirikivani madibinkamilagura
- Viswadhaabhirama vinura Vema
translation:
- Medi, a fruit, looks gorgeous externally,
- But when we rip it, we find worms within.
- In a similar manner, a coward appears brave outside, but inreality he is not.
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
![Vemana 2000 Fontana Vemana 2000 Fontana](/uploads/1/2/5/6/125686645/888155266.gif)
- Elugu tholu thechi yennallu uthikina
- Nalupu nalupey gani thelupu kadhu
- Koyya bomma thechi kottina palukuna
- Viswadhaabhirama vinura Vema
translation:
- Even if you take a bear's hide and wash it for any number ofdays
- Its black color will remain a black and never becomeswhite
- Similarly, even if you beat a wooden doll it will never speak(it is impossible to change the original human nature)
- Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!
See also
References
- ^ abBrown, C.P. (1829). Verse of Vemana: Translated from theTelugu.